All MCQs - PMS 5 Years Past Paper PDF Practice | PakExamPoint

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All MCQs and revision practice

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All: questions and answer review

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781. LED stands for _____?

ایل ای ڈی کا مطلب ہے؟

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Answer: Light Emitting Diode

Explanation LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a semiconductor device that emits light when electric current passes through it. It is widely used in lighting, displays, electronic indicators, and screens . Additional information : Energy efficiency: Up to 90% more efficient than traditional bulbs First discovery : H. J. Round – 1907 Early research : Oleg Losev – 1927 Practical LED development : James R. Biard – 1961 First commercial production : October 1962 (Nick Holonyak) Last verified on 12-03-2026

782. 3D printing technology is based on which foundational technique?

تھری ڈی پرنٹنگ ٹیکنالوجی کس بنیادی تکنیک پر مبنی ہے؟

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Answer: Additive manufacturing

Explanation 3D printing builds objects layer by layer, which is the core idea of additive manufacturing . Material is added progressively to create the desired shape, unlike subtractive techniques that remove material. This technology allows complex geometries and customized designs.

783. RAM stands for ____?

ریم سے کیا مراد ہے؟

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Answer: Random Access Memory

Explanation RAM stands for Random Access Memory It is a type of fast, temporary computer memory It is essentially short-term memory It is the hardware in a computing device where th e operating system (OS) Last updated by NA on 26 April 2026

784. Chile has a longest shore along:

چلی کا سب سے لمبا ساحل کونسا ہے

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Answer: Pacific Ocean

Explanation Chile has one of the world's longest coastlines Stretching over 6,400 km (4,000 miles) along the Pacific Ocean ADDITIONAL INFORMATION RELATED TO CHILE It is a country in western South America. The capital and largest city is Santiago Official language: Spanish Currency: Chilean peso (CLP)

785. Who is the current vice Chancellor of Germany?

جرمنی کا موجودہ وائس چانسلر کون ہے؟

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Answer: Lars Klingbeil

Explanation Lars Klingbeil is the current and 20th vice-chancellor of Germany . He replaced Robert Habeck as German Vice Chancellor in May 2025. Last Verified and updated on 24-04-2026 Refrence Click here اس کو ضرور پڑھ کے جائیں Who is the current Chancellor of Germany?

786. Who was the last king of Afghanistan?

افغانستان کا آخری بادشاہ کون تھا؟

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Answer: Zahir shah

Explanation Mohammed Zahir Shah was the last king of Afghanistan, Reigning from 1933 until he was deposed in 1973. History Head of House of Barakzai: Tenure 17 July 1978 – 23 July 2007 Born: 15 October 1914 Kabul, Afghanistan Died: 23 July 2007 (aged 92) Kabul, Afghanistan

787. The third Khilafat Conference was held in 1921 in which city?

تیسری خلافت کانفرنس 1921 میں کس شہر میں منعقد ہوئی؟

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Answer: Amritsar

Explanation First Khilafat Conference: Held in Bombay (now Mumbai) in July 1919. Second Khilafat Conference: Held in Delhi in November 1919. Third Khilafat Conference: Held in Amritsar in December 1919. Fourth Khilafat Conference: Held in Allahabad in July 1920. Fifth Khilafat Conference: Held in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in November 1920. Sixth Khilafat Conference: Held in Nagpur in December 1920. Seventh Khilafat Conference: Held in Karachi in February 1921. Eighth Khilafat Conference: Held in Delhi in November 1921.

788. The energy value of fats and oils is _____ times more than carbohydrates and proteins.

چکنائیاں اور تیل، کاربوہائیڈریٹس اور پروٹین کے مقابلے میں کتنی گنا زیادہ توانائی دیتے ہیں؟

Check answer and explanation

Answer: 2.25

Explanation Fats and oils provide more energy than carbohydrates and proteins . Energy from fats: ~ 9 kcal/g Energy from carbs: ~ 4 kcal/g Energy from proteins: ~ 4 kcal/g Ratio: 9 ÷ 4 = 2.25 times Last verified on 16-01-2026

789. Critically examine the implications of India holding the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance. (20 Marks)

ہندوستان کے دریائے سندھ کے معاہدے کو معطل رکھنے کے مضمرات کا تنقیدی جائزہ لیں۔

Check answer and explanation

Answer: اس سوال کو وضاحت میں پڑھے

Explanation The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan with the World Bank as guarantor, is widely regarded as one of the most successful water-sharing agreements in the world. It allocates the eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India and the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) to Pakistan, while allowing limited use by both sides. If India holds the treaty in abeyance, it would have serious legal, economic, environmental, and strategic consequences. 1. Legal and International Implications Holding the treaty in abeyance would raise serious questions under international law. The IWT is a binding international treaty , and unilateral suspension undermines treaty obligations under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. It would weaken India’s image as a reliable treaty partner in global diplomacy. It could encourage other states to disregard long-standing agreements, weakening international water governance systems. 2. Impact on Pakistan’s Water Security Pakistan is heavily dependent on the Indus river system. Around 80% of Pakistan’s agriculture depends on Indus waters. Any restriction or uncertainty in water flow would severely affect crop production (wheat, rice, cotton) . Reduced water supply could worsen food insecurity and inflation . It may also intensify inter-provincial tensions within Pakistan over water distribution. 3. Economic Consequences Water disruption would have direct economic impacts: Agriculture contributes significantly to Pakistan’s GDP and employment; reduced water flow would harm rural livelihoods. Lower agricultural output would increase reliance on imports, worsening the trade deficit . Industrial sectors dependent on agriculture (textiles, food processing) would also suffer. 4. Environmental and Ecological Effects Altered river flows could damage the Indus Delta ecosystem , leading to salinity intrusion and loss of fertile land. Reduced downstream water may increase desertification in Sindh and Punjab (Pakistan) . Biodiversity in river systems could be threatened. 5. Strategic and Security Implications Water is a highly sensitive issue in India-Pakistan relations; such a move could escalate bilateral tensions . Pakistan may interpret it as a strategic coercion tool , increasing mistrust. It could heighten risks of political or military escalation , given the already fragile relationship. Water disputes may become linked with broader regional security concerns. 6. Diplomatic and Regional Stability Impact The move could damage India’s relations not only with Pakistan but also with international institutions like the World Bank . It may set a precedent for water nationalism in South Asia , affecting other river-sharing arrangements (e.g., Bangladesh, Nepal). 7. Critical Evaluation While India may argue that treaty abeyance is a response to security concerns or changing circumstances, the long-term costs outweigh short-term political gains. The IWT has survived multiple wars and conflicts, proving its resilience. Abeyance would undermine a rare example of successful India-Pakistan cooperation . Dialogue and dispute resolution mechanisms within the treaty already exist and should be preferred.

790. Which bond provides energy for cellular activity?

کون سا بانڈ خلیاتی سرگرمی کے لیے توانائی فراہم کرتا ہے؟

Check answer and explanation

Answer: Phosphate bond

Explanation Cellular activities require energy to function, which comes from molecules like ATP . ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stor es energy in its phosphate bonds. When a phosphate bond is broken, energy i s released for cellular processes. This energy powers activities like muscle contrac tion, nerve signaling, and biosynthesis. Therefore , phosphate bonds ar e the primary s ource of energy in metabolism.

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